People, Events, & Place#1-4 Notes



2nd 9 weeks IMPORTANT PEOPLE, Events,  & Places
Cumulative List of S.S. Terms and Definitions

WEEK 1

2nd Industrial Revolution
·         Known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of the larger Industrial Revolution
·         Sometime between 1840 and 1860 until World War I
·         Examples- Electricity, Automobiles, Airplanes
Mechanization

·         Using machines to do work
·         Examples: reaper (machine that cuts grain) & threshing machine (separated the grain from the plant stalks)
Chattanooga, TN

·         Site of the World’s first Coca-Cola Bottling Company
Transcontinental Railroad
·         A railroad across the continent
·         Union Pacific began building track west from Omaha, Nebraska
·         Central Pacific began building track east from Sacramento, California  (C for Central and C for California)
·         On May 10, 1869, the tracks of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific met at Promontory Point, Utah Territory

WEEK 2

Protectionism

•       Economic policy of America during this time.
•       Belief that new industry in America needed to be protected against stronger, foreign industry.
Nativism

•       Policy to protect native-born people against immigrants
•       During this time: greatest number of European immigrants on east coast and Chinese immigrants on west coast brought huge numbers of inexpensive labor.
Settlers

•       Person who has migrated to an area and lived there.
•       Many people moved from east to west during Western Expansion
Homestead Act

•       Was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on May 20, 1862.
•       Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S. government (including freed slaves and women), was 21 years or older, or the head of a family could file an application to claim a federal land grant.




WEEK 3

Buffalo Soldiers
•       Made up of African American soldiers
•       Protected settlers as they moved west and to support the westward expansion by building the infrastructure needed for new settlements to flourish
George Jordan

•       A former slave from Nashville, TN
•       A Buffalo soldier
•       Jordan led his soldiers to hold back a force of more than 100 Indians.
•       Jordan and 19 of his men again held their ground while being attacked by a group of Apaches.
Great Plains

•       Land that lies west of Mississippi River and East of Rocky Mountains in United States.
•       Homestead Act attracted many people to move to the Great Plains. 
•       Life on the Great Plains was hard.
Gilded Age

•       From the 1870s to about 1900.
•       Term was coined by writer Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873)
•       Meaning: thin gold layer on top of major social problems

WEEK 4

Child Labor
•       The use of children to work in industry.
•       Children often had to work to help support their families.
•       Children were paid less money than adults.
Samuel Gompers
•       One of the early labor union leaders in the U.S.
•       A labor union is where people work together to gain improved working conditions.
•       Formed the American Federation of Labor
American Federation of Labor

•       Founded by Samuel Gompers
•       Brought many workers’ unions together to fight for:
1.       better wages
2.      an 8-hour work day
3.      safer working conditions
4.      end to child labor.

Entrepreneurs

•       A person who starts a new business, hoping to make a profit.
•       Example: Sam Walden started Walmart
Thomas Edison
•       Inventor who helped change the world.
•       He had over one-thousand inventions (1,093)
•       He perfected the light-bulb
“I have not failed.  I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”


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